First study of pattern of anaphylaxis in a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that may cause death. The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis have not been examined in the Saudi population before. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the signs, symptoms, triggers, and demographic patterns of patients treated for anaphylaxis at a large tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: All the patients who were prescribed new prescriptions of adrenaline auto-injectors (AAs) between February 1, 2010 and December 31, 2011 were included in this study. Information was collected using a standardized form. RESULTS: There were 238 patients who were analyzed. The median age at the time of first AA prescription was 15.5 years. Female to male ratio was 52:48 and 54% of the subjects were more than 18 years of age. There were some differences in the presenting signs and symptoms observed in our study compared with similar studies from around the world. Urticaria and angioedema were the most common at about 70% across all ages, followed by shortness of breath at 28%. Some triggers were found to be more common in our region. Food was the commonest trigger for anaphylaxis including tree nuts, egg, and sesame. Drug allergy was also a common trigger, with penicillins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the commonest. Regarding insect allergy, samsam ant was the commonest trigger in our study. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study on anaphylaxis in Saudi Arabia. Some of the manifestations of anaphylaxis are significantly different in our population study compared to previously published data from other parts of the world. While managing anaphylaxis, we should be mindful of these differences. This improved understanding should help reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with anaphylaxis in our region.

Proposed model for the interface design electronic newspaper for youth of universityin light of recent technological techniques

Aims: The study aimed to identify the extent of the use of university youth of electronic newspapers and to identify the types of fonts, graphics, shapes, titles, sounds and images used in the output interfaces of those newspapers, and learn how to design a proposed model of the facade of an electronic newspaper for youth university

Sample: The study sample consisted of a sample of university youth, with a sample of the study 100 single of university youth, male and female from Damietta University

Tools: A questionnaire to get to know the views of students in the design and interface electronic newspaper that meet their needs

Results: The study found a range of results including There is a difference between the main web page of electronic newspapers and the main page of printed newspapers, where the main web page of electronic newspapers containing side list serves as an index for doors and summaries of news, and the printed newspapers are read vertically on large pages with an average 2.91, The presence of the electronic newspaper on a continuous basis where the browser able to visit the newspaper site at any time without yielding to the factor of time or time, while the printed newspaper found in specific dates and specific copies are printed and distributed in a specific area of an average of 2.74, And home electronic newspapers are Interactive between them and their users through [Comments-e-mail-electronic surveys-Social Networking-Chat-blogs], this command is not available on the home page of the newspapers printed an average of 2.70, and that 95% of respondents agree with the idea of designing the main interface for the electronic newspaper which meet their needs, and 5% of them do not agree with the idea of interface design electronic newspaper. Hence the existence of differences in the extent to approve the idea of clear design the main interface for the electronic newspaper, which means the high number of respondents who agree with the idea of the design of the main interface for the electronic newspaper which meet their needs